It has long been seen as the guardian of Turkey's secular constitution. The military is the last Turkish institution to see the ban removed.
Putting on headscarves in public institutions was banned in the 1980s.
Meanwhile, Turkey's Islamist-leaning President, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, argues that the ban is an illiberal vestige of the past.
The issue has been controversial in Turkey for many years.
Secularists regard the headscarf as a symbol of religious conservatism and have accused President Erdogan of pushing an Islamist agenda, converting many public schools into religious ones as part of his pledge to raise "a pious generation".
News reaching us that the BBC's Mark Lowen, in Istanbul, says the secular side of Turkey now feels largely ostracised, accusing Mr Erdogan of governing just for his conservative, religious support base.
The conservatives respond that they were long seen as second-class citizens and the headscarf is an expression of individual liberties.
Our correspondent says that Turkey's religious-secular divide is as old as the republic itself, but is now arguably deeper than ever.
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